Posterior stabilization involves a surgical approach from the back of the spine. Surgeons use various techniques, such as pedicle screw fixation, lateral mass screw fixation, or rod placement, to stabilize the fractured vertebrae. Bone grafts may be used to promote fusion. Posterior stabilization is suitable for a wide range of cervical and thoracic vertebral fractures, including those that involve the posterior elements (such as the laminae and facets) or require rigid fixation. Posterior stabilization provides excellent stability and can restore the alignment of the spine. It is particularly effective for fractures that affect the posterior elements and can be performed with minimally invasive techniques, reducing tissue disruption.

Ventral stabilization involves a surgical approach from the front of the spine. Surgeons remove the damaged disc or vertebral body and use cage placement, plate fixation, or anterior plating techniques to achieve stability. Bone grafts may also be employed to promote fusion. Ventral stabilization is typically chosen for cervical and thoracic fractures that involve the anterior elements of the spine, including the vertebral body or intervertebral disc. It can also address spinal deformities and restore vertebral height. Ventral stabilization effectively restores the anterior column of the spine and can relieve pain and deformities. This approach is often used for fractures that affect the vertebral body or intervertebral disc.