Implantation of lumbar disc prosthesis • Dr Branko Krajnović

The implantation of a lumbar disc prosthesis

What is it?

The implantation of a lumbar disc prosthesis is a surgical procedure designed to treat chronic lower back pain attributable to degenerative disc diseases. This technique involves replacing a damaged or degenerated lumbar disc (one of the spinal discs in the lower back) with an artificial disc to restore mobility and alleviate pain.

The implantation of a lumbar disc prosthesis is best suited for patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease who have not responded to conservative treatments, such as physical therapy or medication, and for whom the specific source of pain has been clearly identified.

Recovery typically includes physical therapy to strengthen the surrounding muscles and improve flexibility in the lumbar spine. Patients may need a period to adjust to the artificial disc and regain full mobility.

Procedure

This surgery is primarily indicated for patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease, where the natural disc has deteriorated or been damaged, leading to chronic back pain, limited mobility, and reduced quality of life. Unlike spinal fusion, which restricts movement at the treated segment, disc prosthesis aims to maintain the natural motion of the lumbar spine, which can prevent adjacent segment disease – a severe condition sometimes seen after fusion surgeries.

The surgery typically involves an anterior approach, meaning the surgeon accesses the spine through the abdomen. This approach allows direct access to the lumbar spine with minimal disturbance to the back muscles. The damaged disc is carefully removed, and the space is prepared for the artificial disc. A specially designed lumbar disc prosthesis, which mimics a natural disc’s size, shape, and biomechanical properties, is then inserted into the disc space.

The primary benefit of this procedure is the alleviation of chronic back pain and the restoration of spinal mobility. The procedure often allows for a quicker recovery and return to normal activities compared to traditional fusion surgery.