Foraminoplasty

What is it?

Foraminoplasty is a surgical procedure to relieve nerve root compression in the spine. The term “foramen” refers to the small openings on either side of the vertebrae through which the spinal nerve roots exit. Foraminoplasty specifically targets these foramina, enlarging them to relieve pressure on the nerves. This condition, known as foraminal stenosis, often results from degenerative changes in the spine, such as arthritis, herniated discs, or bone spurs, and who have not responded to conservative treatments like physical therapy or medication.

Patients who require foraminoplasty typically experience symptoms like radiating pain, numbness, or weakness along the affected nerve’s path, often due to conditions like spinal stenosis or disc herniation. Foraminoplasty offers a targeted approach to decompress the nerve roots without significantly altering the rest of the spinal anatomy.

The primary benefit is alleviating symptoms caused by nerve root compression, including pain relief and improved nerve function.

Recovery may involve physical therapy to strengthen surrounding muscles and improve flexibility. Patients are usually advised to gradually resume activities, avoiding strenuous tasks during the initial recovery period.

Procedure

The procedure can be performed using a posterior (from the back) approach. It is often done as part of a larger spinal surgery, like a laminectomy or discectomy, but can also be a standalone procedure.

The surgeon carefully removes any bone spurs, herniated disc material, or ligament portions compressing the nerve root in the foramen. Specialized instruments are used to remove these structures and enlarge the foramen delicately.

In many cases, foraminoplasty can be performed using minimally invasive techniques, involving smaller incisions and resulting in less tissue damage, reduced pain, and quicker recovery.