Burst Fracture
What is it?
Burst Fracture is a serious injury that affects a vertebral bone in the spine. A burst fracture happens when a very strong vertical force is placed on the spinal column, causing compression of a section of vertebrae to the degree that it breaks and spreads in all directions. One out of seven of all spine injuries are burst fractures, which occur at the junction between the thoracic and lumbar section or at the lumbar level. The damage is caused by a single episode of trauma from various events such as a falling from a height or a motor vehicle crash. Burst fractures usually are a significant medical emergency that needs immediate hospitalization due to the possibility of damage to the spinal cord
Symptoms
The most common symptoms of a burst fracture are severe pain at the level of the injury. An patient may also experience numbness or weakness in the legs, and might be unable to walk right after the episode. Safe transport of the patient to the hospital is imperative. The individual should not sit or stand, as this may worsen the condition, and should only be moved while lying flat.
Diagnostics
Burst fracture is diagnosed through review of results from an X-ray, CT scan, and MRI. A specific exam will be conducted by the physician to assess spinal deformity and will evaluate neurological function by testing lower extremity strength, sensation, and reflexes of lower extremities. Function of the bladder, bowel and sphincter control is also assessed.
Treatment
Treatment
Treatment is dependent on whether there is an injury to the spinal cord. If no injury exists, then pain medication will be prescribed, and a brace to support the damaged area should be worn for several weeks. If the spinal cord has been affected, then surgery is necessary. Surgery involves installation of metal plating, rods, and screws to straighten the spine, and finishing with a vertebral fusion.
Recovery
Stabilizing the spine is the key to ensuring progressive healing. A brace is often successful at allowing the spine to heal. Surgery gives good long-term outcomes. Unfortunately, sometimes injuries are of such intensity that healing is simply not possible.