Spinal decompression

What is it?

Spinal decompression is a broad term encompassing several surgical procedures to relieve pressure on the spinal cord and/or nerve roots. This pressure, often caused by spinal stenosis, herniated discs, tumors, or bone spurs, can lead to significant pain, numbness, and in severe cases, loss of mobility or function.

Benefits of Spinal Decompression

Pain Relief and Improved Function: The primary goal is to relieve symptoms caused by nerve compression, including pain, numbness, and mobility issues.
Preventing Further Damage: Timely decompression can prevent permanent nerve damage and preserve normal spinal function.

Spinal decompression surgeries vary based on the location of the spine (cervical, thoracic, or lumbar) and the specific pathology. Common indications include:

Herniated Discs: Where disc material compresses nerve roots or the spinal cord.
Spinal Stenosis: Spinal canal narrowing, often due to age-related changes.
Spondylolisthesis: Slippage of one vertebra over another.
Spinal Injuries and Fractures: This may cause fragments to press against spinal nerves.
Tumors: These can compress spinal tissues.

Procedure

Surgical Techniques in Spinal Decompression

Laminectomy: Involves removing the lamina (part of the vertebra that covers the spinal canal) to create more space for the nerves.
Foraminotomy: Enlarges the nerve root exit spaces (foramina) to relieve nerve root compression.
Discectomy: The removal of herniated disc material that presses on a nerve root or the spinal cord.
Corpectomy: Involves removing a vertebral body, usually to access and remove tumors, herniated discs, or bony spurs compressing the spinal cord.

Advanced Techniques and Minimally Invasive Options

Endoscopic Decompression: Uses small incisions and a camera (endoscope) for guided removal of compressive structures with minimal tissue damage.
Microdiscectomy: A minimally invasive form of discectomy using a microscope or magnifying instrument to remove the herniated portion of a disc.