Thoracic corpectomy and Vertebral Body Replacement
What is it?
Thoracic corpectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of a vertebra in the thoracic spine, which is the part of the spine that runs through the chest area. This procedure is often necessary when a vertebra is severely damaged or diseased due to conditions like cancer, severe spinal fractures, infections, or advanced degenerative diseases. The primary aim of thoracic corpectomy is to remove the damaged vertebra to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves, and to prevent or correct spinal deformity or instability. Following the removal of a vertebra, the spine would be unstable and unable to support the body properly without the procedure known as Vertebral Body Replacement, which involves the insertion of an artificial device or a bone graft to fill the space left by the removed vertebra, thereby restoring the spine’s stability and alignment.
The primary benefit of Thoracic Corpectomy and Vertebral Body Replacement is the relief from symptoms caused by the damaged vertebra, such as pain, numbness, and weakness. It also helps in maintaining the structural integrity of the spine.
Recovery from Thoracic Corpectomy and Vertebral Body Replacement involves a hospital stay, pain management, and physical rehabilitation. The recovery duration varies depending on the individual’s overall health, the extent of the surgery, and how well they follow postoperative care instructions.
Procedure
Thoracic corpectomy is a major surgical procedure that requires careful planning and precision. It is typically performed under general anesthesia. The surgeon accesses the spine through an incision in the back, side, or, less commonly, the front of the chest. The approach depends on various factors, including the location of the damaged vertebra and the underlying condition being treated. Once the damaged vertebra is exposed, the surgeon carefully removes it, along with any nearby discs or bone spurs that are contributing to spinal compression. Special attention is given to avoid damaging the spinal cord and nerves.
After the corpectomy, Vertebral Body Replacement is performed. It involves replacing the affected area with a small metal cage filled with bone graft material, which is then screwed into the adjacent healthy vertebrae. This implant is designed to fit perfectly into the space left by the removed vertebra, providing support and stability to the spine.