Metastatic Spine Tumor

What is it?

A metastatic tumor is a malignant growth that spreads from another part of the body via the bloodstream. A tumor near the spinal cord or within the bones of the spine can affect the nerves in the area of the tumor, causing pain, neurological problems, and even paralysis. It is estimated that between 30 and 70 percent of people with cancer develop a spine metastasis. Cancers that are the most likely to spread to the spine are breast, lung and prostate cancers.

Metastatic spine cancer can develop in any region of the spine, and can be categorized in the following ways:

  • Intradural-extramedullary — a tumor inside the dura, thin covering of the spinal cord
  • Intramedullary — a tumor within the spinal cord itself
  • Extradural — a tumor outside of the spinal cord and its dura. Most common type of spinal metastatic tumors.

Symptoms

Symptoms of metastatic spine cancer vary depending on the type of tumor, the location, and size. They may include:

  • Acquired spinal deformities
  • Difficulty walking or balancing
  • Loss of bowel or bladder function
  • Numbness or weakness in the legs, arms, or chest
  • Stiffness or pain in the neck or back
  • Paralysis

Diagnosis

Doctor may use any of the following to diagnose metastatic spine cancer:

  • Medical history
  • Physical examination
  • Neurological examination
  • Imaging tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), or X-ray
  • Biopsy to evaluate tumor tissue under a microscope

Treatment

Depending on the size, type, and location of the tumor, treatment may include the following:

  • Chemotherapy
  • Radiation therapy
  • Radiosurgery
  • Surgery